reactivos en inglés

Reactivos simples y multirreactivos

Autoría y citación

Créditos en reactivos

Se respetará el idioma en el que se reciban los títulos de las obras citadas.

• A.C. Baugh and T. Cable, A History of the English Language
• Helena da Silva and Alina Signoret, Temas sobre la adquisición de una segunda lengua

Cuando un crédito tenga dos o más autores, el idioma de la conjunción que los vincule será el mismo que el de la instrucción del reactivo, es decir, siempre inglés.

Fill in the blanks with the correct option. If one of our goals as language teachers is to help our learners move along the _______ continuum, getting closer and closer to the target language norm, then, the thinking goes, we must provide them with the _______ they need to modify their _______ about the functions and linguistic forms they use.

Dick Allwright and Kathleen Bailey, Focus on the Language Classroom

El signo et (&) se cambiará por la conjunción (and) cuando vincule los nombres de los autores en los créditos.

✓ Sue Arengo and Rachel Bladon, “Mansour and the Donkey”

✘ Sue Arengo & Rachel Bladon, “Mansour and the Donkey”

✓ I. Roca and W. Johnson, A Course in Phonology

✘ I. Roca & W. Johnson, A Course in Phonology

El signo et (&) se respetará en los títulos de las obras.

✓ E.A. Poe, “Some Words With a Mummy”, Complete Tales & Poems

✘ E.A. Poe, “Some Words With a Mummy”, Complete Tales and Poems

Se respetará la forma atada o desatada de los nombres de pila de los autores. Sin embargo, si en un crédito con dos o más autores conviven ambas formas, se abreviarán los nombres de pila que estén desatados, a fin de uniformarlos.

✓ R. Ellis and G.P. Barkhuizen, Analysing Learner Language

✘ Rod Ellis and G.P. Barkhuizen, Analysing Learner Language

Si se recibe un crédito sin el nombre de pila del autor o sin su inicial, se mantendrá así; no se investigará.

• Dörneyei, Research Methods in Applied Linguistics

Los créditos estarán compuestos por los mismos elementos que los créditos de los reactivos en español (por ejemplo, sin fecha, separados por coma y sin punto final).

✓ Sean Kingsley, Smithsonian Magazine

✘ Sean Kingsley (2022). Smithsonian Magazine.

Los elementos de los créditos tendrán el mismo orden que los créditos de los reactivos en español (por ejemplo, el nombre de pila del autor antes que su apellido).

✓ J.C. Richards y T. S.C. Farrell, Professional Development for Language Teachers

✘ J.C. Richards y T. S.C. Farrell, Professional Development for Language Teachers

Cada elemento significativo del título del crédito se escribirá con alta inicial. Los artículos, conjunciones y preposiciones irán con baja inicial si tienen tres o menos letras y con alta inicial si son de cuatro o más letras.

• J. Asher, Learning Another Language Through Actions
• William Grabe, Reading in a Second Language. Moving From Theory to Practice
• E.A. Poe, “Some Words With a Mummy”, Complete Tales & Poems
• Patricia S. Daniels, “These 5 Explorers Disappeared Into Thin Air. Will We Ever Know the Truth?”, National Geographic

Según el formato

Completamiento

Se respetarán las interpolaciones entre corchetes añadidas por los elaboradores, incluso si se encuentran en líneas de completamiento o en algún elemento de las opciones de respuesta.

[_______] began in 1635 and ended in 1659.

A) The Franco-Spanish War B) The Franco-Dutch War C) The Anglo-Spanish War

[The _______ Constitution] was written in 1787.

A) French B) Belgian C) American

______ Joe was little, he used to eat well, but _______ he turned 15 years old, he only eats junk food, _______ his sister is always eating healthy.

A) [Since] - when - from B) [While] - before - since C) [When] - since - while

Cuestionamiento directo

Las instrucciones o preguntas se separarán del contexto con un interlineado.

✓ Students exchange letters written in class and correct their classmates’ mistakes. What type of error correction does the example refer to?

A) Self-correction B) Peer-correction C) Teacher-correction

✘ Students exchange letters written in class and correct their classmates’ mistakes. What type of error correction does the example refer to?

A) Self-correction B) Peer-correction C) Teacher-correction

En todos los exámenes de inglés, las instrucciones se escribirán en este idioma.

✓ Match the terms to their definition.

✘ Una los términos con su definición.

Los títulos de las columnas también se escribirán en inglés y siempre en singular.

	Term	Definition
	1. Noun 2. Verb 3. Adjective 4. Adverb	a) modifies the noun b) what the nouns do c) people, place or object d) how the verb is done

En caso de recibir texto en español (ya sea en la base o en la instrucción), se pedirá al área el texto equivalente en inglés; no se traducirá.

Las instrucciones se pueden yuxtaponer o coordinar.

• Read the questions. Choose the correct answer.
• Read the questions and choose the correct answer.

Ortografía

Abreviaciones

Abreviaturas

En los reactivos en inglés pueden usarse las abreviaturas a.m. y p.m., es decir, no forzosamente el sistema horario de 24 horas.

• It’s 1:45 p.m.
• It’s 13:45.

Acentuación

No se tildan las palabras en español en un texto en inglés, pues en este idioma no se usan tildes.

✓ Maria: Hi, Peter. Nice to meet you.

Peter: Hi, Maria. Nice to meet you too. Where are you from?

Maria: I’m from Merida. Where are you from?

Peter: I’m from Cancun, but I live in the United States since I was a child.

✘ María: Hi, Peter. Nice to meet you.

Peter: Hi, María. Nice to meet you too. Where are you from?

María: I’m from Mérida. Where are you from?

Peter: I’m from Cancún, but I live in the United States since I was a child.

Mayúsculas y minúsculas

Cada palabra del título de una obra citada se escribirá con mayúscula inicial, salvo los artículos, las conjunciones y las preposiciones de tres o menos letras según se lee en el siguiente enlace .

• All's Well That Ends Well (libro)
• Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus (libro)
• “Bartleby, the Scrivener” (cuento)
• “The Tell-Tale Heart” (cuento)
• “I Carry Your Heart With Me” (poema)
• “Jack Whitten: The Greek Alphabet Paintings”, Financial Times (nota de periódico)
• “Axis of Hope: Iranian Women’s Activism across Borders”, Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy (artículo de revista)
• “Students’ Learning Styles Myth: Is the Theory Still Valid?”, My English Pages (artículo de página web)

Signos ortográficos

Apóstrofo

Se verificará que la grafía correspondiente al apóstrofo no sea tilde.

✓ Bob: Hi, John. This is Karl. He’s my friend from Germany.

John: Hi, Karl. Nice to meet you. I’m John. I work as a veterinarian.

✘ Bob: Hi, John. This is Karl. He´s my friend from Germany.

John: Hi, Karl. Nice to meet you. I´m John. I work as a veterinarian.

Comillas

En un texto citado puede haber enunciados entre comillas simples en lugar de dobles. En estos casos se respetarán como aparezcan –de acuerdo con los criterios de los exámenes en español– y solo se cuidará que el par (apertura y cierre) sea del mismo tipo y tenga el mismo estilo.

Guion

• En inglés se usará el guion largo o la raya (o el guion mediano, si fuera el caso) para encerrar oraciones parentéticas.
• Además, conforme a las normas ortográficas del inglés, se usará separado de las palabras contiguas.

✓ We have now reduced this number by 98 percent. Only 70,000 people remain affected — almost all of them in the war zone of southern Sudan — and we are working hard to address their plight. In our fight against river blindness, another tropical disease, we have traveled to villages to treat more than seven million people each year — none of whom now will face possible blindness from the bite of a little black fly.

Jimmy Carter, “Jimmy Carter on the Greatest Challenges of the 21st Century”, National Geographic

✘ We have now reduced this number by 98 percent. Only 70,000 people remain affected —almost all of them in the war zone of southern Sudan— and we are working hard to address their plight. In our fight against river blindness, another tropical disease, we have traveled to villages to treat more than seven million people each year —none of whom now will face possible blindness from the bite of a little black fly.

Jimmy Carter, “Jimmy Carter on the Greatest Challenges of the 21st Century”, National Geographic

Puntuación

Los signos de puntuación van antes de las comillas de cierre.

✓ He said, “let’s go right now.”

✘ He said, “let’s go right now”.

✓ “It’s too early,” she replied.

✘ “It’s too early”, she replied.

✓ Jane Austen wrote “Venta,” a poem written in cross-rhymed quatrains.

✘ Jane Austen wrote “Venta”, a poem written in cross-rhymed quatrains.

En enunciados en estilo directo se respetará el signo de puntuación (ya sea coma o dos puntos) que introduzca a la cita.

• The teacher asked, “When did the Second World War end?”
• The teacher asked: “When did the Second World War end?”

Cuando se use la coma Oxford, también se respetará.

• The east south central states are Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee.
• The east south central states are Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi and Tennessee.

En relación con todos los aspectos mencionados sobre la puntuación, se cuidará que el uso de los signos sea consistente en un mismo reactivo y, cuando sea necesario, se uniformará con uno u otro estilo.

Variedad lingüística

• En todas las instrucciones o preguntas de los reactivos invariablemente utilizaremos la variedad británica con la intención de homologar aquello que puede ser genérico en todos los reactivos del área.
• Si el texto referenciado de un reactivo padre tiene una variedad estadounidense, el contenido de este que se retome en sus reactivos asociados se conservará con esa variedad estadounidense.
• Si el texto referenciado de un reactivo padre tiene una variedad británica, el contenido de este que se retome en sus reactivos asociados se conservará con esa variedad británica.

Exclusivamente multirreactivos

Además de los criterios expuestos en la primera parte, en los multirreactivos deberán considerarse los siguientes.

La DEXANI usa números romanos para indicar párrafos y números arábigos para indicar líneas.

[I]	Over 40 miles off the Little Bahama Bank, a group of scientists headed by philanthropist and explorer Carl Allen tows magnetometers (navigational devices that measure magnetic fields) across miles of seabed.
[II]	Every find is plotted, from a shard of pottery to a cannon; currents are modeled, and seabed geology is assessed. Up in the air, an Icon A5 aircraft searches for scattered wreckage. Beneath the waves, a Triton submarine plummets down to 650 feet, eyes peeled for sections of the Maravillas that may have slipped into the abyss. Even with all hands on deck, the work is slow and painstaking.
[III]	Throughout history, the waters surrounding the Bahamas have been an infamous playground for treasure hunters.

[1]	Over 40 miles off the Little Bahama Bank, a group of scientists headed by philanthropist and explorer Carl Allen tows
[2]	magnetometers (navigational devices that measure magnetic fields) across miles of seabed.
[3]	Every find is plotted, from a shard of pottery to a cannon; currents are modeled, and seabed geology is assessed. Up in the air, an
[4]	Icon A5 aircraft searches for scattered wreckage. Beneath the waves, a Triton submarine plummets down to 650 feet, eyes peeled
[5]	for sections of the Maravillas that may have slipped into the abyss. Even with all hands on deck, the work is slow and painstaking
[6]	Throughout history, the waters surrounding the Bahamas have been an infamous playground for treasure hunters.

La DEXANI también utiliza números arábigos para indicar los espacios por completar. A cada espacio le antecede un número arábigo sin corchetes, en negritas y pegado a su izquierda.

Read the text and choose the correct answer for each question.

Though related, the two annual events differ greatly in traditions and tone. Whereas Halloween 1[_______ terror and] mischief on the last night of October, Day of the Dead festivities unfold over the first two days of 2_______ in an explosion of color and life-affirming joy. Sure, the theme is 3_______, but the point is to demonstrate love and respect for deceased family members. In towns and cities throughout 4_______, revelers don funky makeup and costumes, hold parades and parties, sing and dance, and make 5[_______] to lost loved ones.

Es común encontrar los párrafos sin interlineado cuando están numeradas sus líneas. Cuando sea el caso, se añadirá un interlineado después de cada subtítulo y de cada párrafo.

[1]	The Race to Preserve Treasures From a Legendary Century Shipwreck
[2]	The new Bahamas Maritime Museum will feature finds from the “Maravillas,” a Spanish galleon that sank in 1656
[3]	with a cargo of gold, silver and gems.
[4]	Exploring the Maravillas
[5]	Over 40 miles off the Little Bahama Bank, a group of scientists headed by philanthropist and explorer Carl Allen tows
[6]	magnetometers (navigational devices that measure magnetic fields) across miles of seabed.
[7]	Every find is plotted, from a shard of pottery to a cannon; currents are modeled, and seabed geology is assessed. Up in the air, an
[8]	Icon A5 aircraft searches for scattered wreckage. Beneath the waves, a Triton submarine plummets down to 650 feet, eyes peeled
[9]	for sections of the Maravillas that may have slipped into the abyss.

Los subtítulos de los textos padre se escribirán en negritas y con mayúscula inicial solo en la primera palabra.

The Race to Preserve Treasures From a Legendary 17th-Century Shipwreck

The new Bahamas Maritime Museum will feature finds from the “Maravillas,” a Spanish galleon that sank in 1656 with a cargo of gold, silver and gems

Exploring the Maravillas

Over 40 miles off the Little Bahama Bank, a group of scientists headed by philanthropist and explorer Carl Allen tows magnetometers (navigational devices that measure magnetic fields) across miles of seabed. Every find is plotted, from a shard of pottery to a cannon; currents are modeled, and seabed geology is assessed. Up in the air, an Icon A5 aircraft searches for scattered wreckage. Beneath the waves, a Triton submarine plummets down to 650 feet, eyes peeled for sections of the Maravillas that may have slipped into the abyss. Even with all hands on deck, the work is slow and painstaking. [...]

The wreck’s rare treasures

Held annually since 1566, the Tierra Firme’s yearly sojourns to the New World had one main goal: to fill the fleet’s ships with riches from Latin America’s gold, silver and emerald mines, as well as copper, tobacco and Venezuelan pearls. Mined first by Indigenous peoples and then by enslaved Africans, these precious metals and gems helped fund the Franco-Spanish War, which began in 1635 and ended in 1659. [...]

Sharing the Bahamas’ maritime history

Artifacts recovered from the Maravillas by AllenX form the bulk of the Bahamas Maritime Museum’s collection. Carl and his wife, Gigi Allen, have also donated materials salvaged by other teams in Bahamian waters between the 1970s and 1990s and acquired for the museum. [...]

Sean Kingsley, Smithsonian Magazine

Al igual que en los reactivos en español, se uniformará la escritura de los reactivos asociados con el reactivo padre. Esto incluye la escritura de letras o números, mayúsculas o minúsculas y tildes en palabras en español.

Top 10 Things to Know About the Day of the Dead

Here’s one thing we know: Día de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, is not a Mexican version of Halloween.

Though related, the two annual events differ greatly in traditions and tone. Whereas Halloween embraces terror and mischief on the last night of October, Day of the Dead festivities unfold over the first two days of November in an explosion of color and life-affirming joy. Sure, the theme is death, but the point is to demonstrate love and respect for deceased family members. In towns and cities throughout Mexico, revelers don funky makeup and costumes, hold parades and parties, sing and dance, and make offerings to lost loved ones. [...]

10. Other communities celebrate in unique ways.

Countless communities in Mexico celebrate Day of the Dead, but styles and customs differ by region, depending on the region’s predominant pre-Hispanic culture. Here are a few places that stand out for their colorful and moving celebrations:

Pátzcuaro: One of the most moving Day of the Dead celebrations takes place each year in Pátzcuaro, a municipality in the state of Michoacán about 225 miles west of Mexico City. Indigenous people from the countryside converge on the shores of Pátzcuaro Lake, where they pile into canoes, a single candle burning in each bow, and paddle over to a tiny island called Janitzio for an all-night vigil in an indigenous cemetery. [...] ✓ Día de los Muertos is a... A) celebration to honor deceased family members B) Mexican version of Halloween performed in Pátzcuaro C) a Pre-Hispanic rite no longer celebrated ✘ Día de los Muertos is a... A) celebration to honor deceased family members B) Mexican version of Halloween performed in Patzcuaro C) a Pre-Hispanic rite no longer celebrated ✓ The 10 things to know about the Day of the Dead include... ✘ The ten things to know about the Day of the Dead include...

Exploring the Maravillas

Over 40 miles off the Little Bahama Bank, a group of scientists headed by philanthropist and explorer Carl Allen tows magnetometers (navigational devices that measure magnetic fields) across miles of seabed. Every find is plotted, from a shard of pottery to a cannon; currents are modeled, and seabed geology is assessed. Up in the air, an Icon A5 aircraft searches for scattered wreckage. Beneath the waves, a Triton submarine plummets down to 650 feet, eyes peeled for sections of the Maravillas that may have slipped into the abyss. Even with all hands on deck, the work is slow and painstaking. [...] ✓ What was the Maravillas? ✘ What was the Maravillas? ✓ Why was the Icon A5 so important? ✘ Why was the ICON A5 so important?